Cutaneous melanoma and pregnancy, non-epidermal melanoma types in the general population: a systematic review

Melanoma comprises a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms of melanocytic origin, including cutaneous (94%), uveal (4–5%), and mucosal (1–2%) forms, as well as acral melanoma (2–3%). Despite their common cellular origin, these subtypes differ significantly in their molecular profiles, clinical course, response to therapy and prognosis. Melanoma is one of the most common malignant tumors associated with pregnancy, accounting for up to 25–31% of all oncological diseases diagnosed during the gestational period. This review systematizes current data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment of melanoma associated with pregnancy, uveal melanoma, and other non-epidermal forms of melanoma.