YOUNG AGE: CANCER, PREGNANCY, FERTILITY

Cancer during pregnancy is rare: 1 case for 1000–3000 pregnancies. The most common malignant neoplasms complicating pregnancy are: breast cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Surgery for cancer is rationally planned during the second trimester of pregnancy. Chemotherapy can be performed from the 13–14 weeks. Studies have shown no developmental differences in children exposed to chemotherapy in utero compared with their non-exposed peers. Infertility after the applied methods of cancer treatment develops in 50–95% of patients. Gonads
(testicles/ovaries) can be temporarily or permanently damaged by chemo and radiation therapy. Men have the well-established option cryopreserving sperm for later use. For women, there are a number of strategies for preserving fertility: еmbryo cryopreservation, оocyte preservation, оvarian cryopreservation (tissue freezing), оvarian suppression, оvarian transposition