New data on the pathogenesis of breast cancer

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge characterized by complex etiology and diverse clinical presentations. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiology and risk factors of breast cancer, highlighting vulnerable populations and contributions from environmental and genetic factors. Pathophysiological and molecular subtypes of breast cancer are summarized, emphasizing disease heterogeneity and the importance of personalized therapies. Mechanisms driving breast cancer progression are discussed, showcasing recent research elucidating intricate pathways.