Pathogenesis, morphology, epidemiology and prevention of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms. This review examines key aspects: the role of H. pylori, chronic inflammation, and genetic alterations (TP53, microsatellite instability). Special attention is given to molecular subtypes (TCGA classification) and their significance for targeted therapy. Epidemiological trends, including data from Russia, are analyzed. Major risk factors are discussed: atrophic gastritis, hereditary syndromes. Prevention strategies (H. pylori eradication, screening) are presented. The importance of a personalized approach is emphasized.